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在母豬飼料中添加麥麩等，可以緩解或解決母豬便秘癥狀，但麩皮存在著許多安全隱患，據(jù)筆者調(diào)研的麩皮檢測(cè)報(bào)告統(tǒng)計(jì)分析及養(yǎng)豬現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀察評(píng)估，當(dāng)前國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中，麩皮是嚴(yán)重影響種豬健康的飼料原料。
2015年，國(guó)內(nèi)小麥發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的赤霉病，全國(guó)的小麥加工副產(chǎn)品麩皮幾乎百分百的霉菌毒素超標(biāo)。
2016年，淮河流域的小麥赤霉病比2015年更嚴(yán)重，加之麥?zhǔn)諘r(shí)節(jié)出現(xiàn)連續(xù)陰雨天氣，小麥質(zhì)量令人擔(dān)憂。
麩皮是小麥加工面粉的副產(chǎn)品，現(xiàn)在國(guó)內(nèi)收獲及庫(kù)存的小麥存在嚴(yán)重的質(zhì)量隱患，并且小麥在加工過(guò)程中，為了保證加工質(zhì)量，要對(duì)小麥進(jìn)行一系列的預(yù)處理，其中重要的一項(xiàng)工藝流程就是用著水機(jī)對(duì)待加工小麥進(jìn)行著水、潤(rùn)麥，潤(rùn)麥時(shí)間通常要24小時(shí)，入磨小麥著水份常常調(diào)整在16%至17%，所以麩皮在出廠時(shí)水份通常大于14%,個(gè)別實(shí)測(cè)出16%，麩皮中的水份大多數(shù)超標(biāo)(行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一般為13%)。
存在于麩皮中的水份有游離水與結(jié)合水，麩皮中超標(biāo)水份大多為游離水。微生物生長(zhǎng)繁殖能夠利用的是游離水。
選擇麩皮生產(chǎn)母豬飼料存在很大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(正規(guī)面粉廠出廠的一手新鮮麩皮就存在大隱患，國(guó)內(nèi)的飼料廠大多數(shù)很難在麩皮最佳保質(zhì)時(shí)間內(nèi)釆購(gòu)到庫(kù)，加之經(jīng)銷商摻、造假現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重)。
國(guó)內(nèi)飼料廠家在制造種豬(尤其妊娠母豬)飼料時(shí)，麩皮添加量大多在15%至30%之間，理由主要如下：増加全價(jià)飼料的體積，讓母豬有胞腹感;
再者利用麩皮中的纖維幫助母豬擴(kuò)充腸胃體積，利用麩皮中的纖維增加有益腸道微生物的擴(kuò)繁;同時(shí)纖維還可讓母豬增強(qiáng)消化功能，還有更重要的是利用麩皮中的鎂元素減少母豬便秘。
作者在養(yǎng)豬生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管理論上麩皮有很多的功能優(yōu)勢(shì)，可養(yǎng)豬生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)證實(shí)理論與實(shí)踐存在巨大差距：大多數(shù)使用麩皮(尤其是中小養(yǎng)豬戶自配料者)為母豬料喂的豬只，母豬生產(chǎn)成績(jī)的數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析與母豬生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的動(dòng)物行為表現(xiàn)并非如此。
據(jù)作者觀察、統(tǒng)計(jì)、分析后得出：由于麩皮(當(dāng)然玉米也存在)大多不新鮮且水份超標(biāo)，有些還摻雜，加之飼料廠廠房硬件(庫(kù)房高度、隔熱、通風(fēng))、軟件(管理)很難達(dá)到麩皮倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，所以麩皮微生物大多超標(biāo)導(dǎo)致霉變。
母豬采食后霉菌毒素中毒，具體表現(xiàn)出便秘、淚斑、熊貓眼、眼水腫、皮膚蒼白、皮膚潰瘍、氣血不足、產(chǎn)程過(guò)長(zhǎng)、仔豬均勻度差、乳房炎、乳腺發(fā)育不良、缺奶、發(fā)情期延長(zhǎng)、流產(chǎn)、假發(fā)情、脫肛等一系列表象;
同時(shí)還會(huì)表現(xiàn)出免疫力下降后對(duì)豬瘟、口蹄疫、偽狂犬、藍(lán)耳病、圓環(huán)病毒、鏈球菌、霉形體等病毒與細(xì)菌異常敏感。
在養(yǎng)豬生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中作者還發(fā)現(xiàn)，在一些少用或不用麩皮的飼料喂養(yǎng)的母豬，很少出現(xiàn)上述現(xiàn)象，且生產(chǎn)穩(wěn)定，母豬繁殖性能上乘，仔豬生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育良好，非常好養(yǎng)。
哺乳動(dòng)物自愈能力非常強(qiáng)大，德國(guó)國(guó)家科研機(jī)構(gòu)在2001年的一份研究報(bào)告中稱：“如果能治療疾病的物質(zhì)都稱作藥的話，動(dòng)物體自身是可以產(chǎn)生一萬(wàn)多種藥的!而這一萬(wàn)多種藥有百分之七十產(chǎn)生于動(dòng)物腸道中。一般的疫病靠這些藥完全就可以治愈。
飼用纖維可高效促進(jìn)豬腸道蠕動(dòng)、吸附毒素、稀釋腸道內(nèi)各類毒素與病源體的濃度，縮短這些物質(zhì)在腸道中的滯留時(shí)間，從而減少毒素和病源體與腸道的接觸機(jī)會(huì)，使腸道中的糞便變軟并擴(kuò)大糞便體積，降低結(jié)腸壓力，并且使這些有毒有害物質(zhì)迅速排瀉出體外。
飼纖維可有效降低飼料中霉菌毒素與便秘對(duì)母豬的系列危害，并且可能是成本最低、時(shí)效最短、效果最好、副作用最少的功能性產(chǎn)品。
霉菌毒素與便秘的和諧解決之道
在選擇品質(zhì)好的飼料原料的同時(shí)，用物理方法對(duì)飼料原料預(yù)處理(過(guò)風(fēng)、過(guò)篩、除雜、水洗、微波)等。
從源頭上減少霉菌毒素對(duì)母豬的危害，選用”飼料纖維粉“等功能性天然營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，利用飼料纖維粉中的膳食纖維促進(jìn)母豬腸道蠕動(dòng)、吸附毒素、稀釋腸道內(nèi)各類毒素與病原體的濃度，縮短這些物質(zhì)在腸道中的滯留時(shí)間，從而減少毒素和病原體與腸道的接觸機(jī)會(huì)，使腸道中的糞便變軟并夸大糞便體積，降低結(jié)腸壓力，并且使這些有毒有害物質(zhì)迅速瀉出體外。
飼料中的膳食纖維在豬腸道內(nèi)，還可以被有益菌很好的利用、并產(chǎn)生代謝產(chǎn)物——短鏈脂肪酸，抑制有害菌的生長(zhǎng)。如果從飼料中進(jìn)入胃腸道的霉菌毒素被腸胃中的第一道”衛(wèi)士“——膳食纖維粉所吸附;余下病源體又將受到腸道內(nèi)有益菌群的抵抗，二者就很難入侵，很快這些致病源就會(huì)隨著豬大小便而排出體外，這樣就很自然和諧的讓豬少發(fā)病、甚至不發(fā)病了。
The English version
Adding in the sow feed, wheat bran, and so on, can relieve or resolve the sow constipation symptoms, but the bran exist many safe hidden trouble, according to the research of bran test report statistical analysis and the evaluation of the pig field observation, the current domestic production practice, bran is seriously affect swine feed raw materials of health.
Serious heavy domestic wheat in 2015, the country's wheat processing by-products bran nearly hundred of mycotoxin.
Wheat in 2016, the huaihe river basin in 3 more severe than in 2015, combined with the wheat harvest season appear continuous wet weather, wheat quality is worrying.
Bran is a by-product of wheat flour processing, now the domestic wheat harvest and inventory in serious quality hidden trouble, and wheat in the machining process, in order to guarantee the machining quality, have to be a series of pretreatment of wheat, one of important process is in the treatment of processing wheat depending on the water, tempering, the tempering time 24 hours, usually take into the grinding wheat water often adjust in 16% to 17%, so the bran in the factory when the water is usually greater than 14%, individual measured out 16%, the moisture in the bran most overweight (normally 13%) industry standard.
Exists in the bran of moisture in free water and bound water, bran in excess moisture mostly free water. Microorganisms grow is able to take advantage of free water.
Choose bran sow feed production there is a big risk (regular flour factory in fresh bran is a big hidden danger, the domestic feed mills most difficult bright ends up in the best quality bran time library, combined with the dealers doped, fraud is serious).
Domestic manufacturers in producing swine feed (especially the pregnancy sow feed, most bran content between 15% and 30%, main arguments are as follows: rights and full price feed volume, to sow a sense cell abdomen;
Further use of bran fiber help sows expansion of intestines and stomach volume, use of bran fiber increase beneficial gut microbes propagation; Fiber also can let the sow enhance digestion function at the same time, more important is the use of magnesium in the bran can reduce sow constipation.
Authors found in pig production practice, although in theory the function of bran has many advantages, can be pig production site confirmed that there is a huge gap between theory and practice: most used bran (especially small and medium-sized pig farmers since the ingredients) to sow material feeding pigs, sow production data statistics and analysis of the grade and sow the animal behavior in the process of production is not the case.
According to the author's observation, statistics, analysis after: because the bran, corn there are, of course) is not new and excess water, some are doping, and feed mills plant height, heat insulation, ventilation (warehouse) hardware and software (management) is very difficult to achieve bran storage standard, so most overweight cause mould bran microorganisms.
Sow feed mycotoxins after poisoning, specific show the constipation, tears spot, panda eye, eye edema, pale skin, skin ulcer, insufficiency of qi and blood, long production, poor piglet evenness, mastitis, breast dysplasia, lack of milk, estrus, abortion, false heat, rectocele and a series of representation;
After will also show a weakened immunity to swine fever, foot and mouth disease, pseudo rabies, blue ear disease, the wreath virus, viruses and bacteria such as streptococcus, mould shape anomalies and sensitive.
In pig production practice, the author also found that in some use less or no bran feed sows, rarely appear the phenomenon, and stable production, superior reproductive performance, piglet growth is good, very good.
Mammals self-healing ability is very strong, the German national research institutions in 2001 in a research note said: "if we can treat disease of matter called medicine, animal body itself is can produce more than ten thousand kinds of medicine! And that seventy percent is more than ten thousand kinds of drugs produced in animal intestines. General disease by these drugs can be completely cured.
Forage fiber can efficiently promote pig intestinal peristalsis, adsorption of toxins, the concentration of the dilution in the intestines of toxins and originate, shorten the retention time of these substances in the gut, thereby reducing toxin and originate and contact of the gut, make intestines and expand the volume of excrement and urine, feces to soften in the lower colon pressure, and makes the toxic and harmful substances can extract quickly out of the in vitro.
Feeding fiber can effectively reduce the mycotoxins in feed and constipation of sows series harm, and may is the lowest cost, the shortest time, the best effect, side effect with the least functional products.
The harmony of mycotoxin and constipation solution
In the choice of feed raw materials with good quality at the same time, using physical methods to feed raw material pretreatment (wind, sieving, removing impurity, water washing, microwave), etc.
From the source to reduce the harm of sows mycotoxin, choose "feed fiber powder" and other functional natural nutrients, making use of dietary fiber in fiber powder feed promote sows the intestinal peristalsis, adsorption of toxins, dilution in the intestines of toxin and the concentration of the pathogen, shorten the retention time of these substances in the gut, thereby reducing toxin and the opportunity to contact with intestinal pathogens, the feces of intestinal soft and exaggerated waste volume, lower colon pressure, and make the poisonous and harmful material quickly spilled out to the body.
Of dietary fiber in pig feed in the gut, can also be beneficial bacteria to good use, and generate metabolites, short chain fatty acid, inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria. If from the feed into the gastrointestinal tract of mycotoxin were intestines and stomach of the first "guard" - dietary fiber powder by adsorption; Remaining originate and it will have a beneficial bacteria in the intestines resistance, it is difficult for both the invasion, the cause will soon with pig urine eduction body outside, so it is natural and harmonious let pig disease, and even less is not a disease.
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